A. Phosphate Ore Overview Phosphate rock refers to the general term for phosphate minerals that can be used economically. It is an important chemical mineral raw material. It can be used to make phosphate fertilizer, yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, phosphide and other phosphates. These products are widely used in agriculture, medicine, food, matches, dyes, sugar, ceramics, national defense and other industrial sectors. Phosphate minerals can be divided into three types according to their mineralization origin: sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks. At present, about 85% of industrially mined phosphate is marine sedimentary phosphate, and the rest is mainly igneous phosphate. It can also be divided into two types: apatite and phosphorite. Apatite refers to the phosphate ore in which phosphorus appears in the form of crystalline apatite in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, while phosphorite is an accumulation formed by exogenous action, composed of crypto crystalline or micro-crypto crystalline apatite and other gangue minerals. B. Distribution and development of phosphate resources Globally, phosphate resources are mainly distributed in Africa, North America, South America, Asia and the Middle East, of which more than 80% are concentrated in Morocco and Western Sahara, South Africa, the United States, China, Jordan and Russia. China is a country with rich reserves of phosphate resources, ranking second in the world, second only to Morocco and Western Sahara. C. The main uses of phosphate rock Phosphate rock is an important chemical mineral raw material with a wide range of uses, mainly including the following aspects: 1. Phosphate fertilizer production: About 84% to 90% of the world's phosphate rock is used to produce various phosphate fertilizers, which are essential nutrients for plant growth and play a key role in increasing crop yields. 2. Production of yellow phosphorus and phosphoric acid: Some phosphate rocks are used to produce pure phosphorus (yellow phosphorus) and chemical raw materials. Yellow phosphorus can be used to make pesticides, incendiary bombs, tracer bombs, signal bombs, smoke bombs, ignition agents, etc. Phosphides of phosphorus, boron, indium, and gallium are used in the semiconductor industry. 3. Production of other phosphates: used in the metallurgical industry to refine phosphor bronze, phosphorus-containing pig iron, cast iron, etc. Zirconium phosphate, titanium phosphate, silicon phosphate, etc. can be used as coatings, pigments, adhesives, ion exchangers, adsorbents, etc. Sodium phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate are used to purify boiler water, and the latter can also be used to make artificial silk. Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as a water softener and metal preservative, calcium phosphate salts are used as animal feed additives, and phosphorus derivatives are used in medicine. 4. Other applications: With the widespread use of lithium batteries, the demand for phosphate ore is gradually increasing. Fluorapatite crystal is the most ideal laser emission material, and phosphate glass lasers have been used. 5. Comprehensive utilization: Phosphate ore is often accompanied by uranium, lithium, beryllium, cerium, lanthanum, strontium, gallium, vanadium, titanium, iron ore, etc. Most of them are rare substances urgently needed for the development of cutting-edge industries and can be comprehensively recycled. D. Phosphate mining methods There are two main methods of phosphate mining: open-pit mining and underground mining: Open pit mining Open pit mining is suitable for situations where the ore deposit is shallow, the overburden is thin, and the ore grade is high. This method usually includes the following steps: 1. Surface Clearing: Clearing the surface of the mining area to remove debris and vegetation. 2. Explosive crushing: using blasting technology to break the ore into smaller particles. 3. Excavation and transportation: Use excavators to dig out the crushed ore and transport it to the ore processing plant by transport vehicles. 4. Ore processing: The excavated ore is crushed, screened, washed and processed to obtain ore products that meet the requirements. Underground mining Underground mining is suitable for situations where phosphate deposits are buried deep and the ore distribution is relatively uneven. Compared with open-pit mining, underground mining requires more underground engineering construction, but its mining effect is more stable and the utilization rate of ore resources is higher. The specific steps include: 1. Construction of shafts and tunnels: digging shafts and tunnels underground for the transportation of ore and the entry and exit of personnel. 2. Ore body detection: Detect the occurrence of ore bodies through drilling, geological exploration and other methods to determine the mining plan.Ore body detection: Detect the occurrence of ore bodies through drilling, geological exploration and other methods to determine the mining plan. 3. Ore mining: Explosion, tunneling and other methods are used to extract ore from underground. 4. Ore processing: Similar to open-pit mining, the excavated ore is crushed, screened, washed, and processed to obtain ore products that meet the requirements. E. Phosphate rock processing methods The processing of phosphate rock mainly includes the following steps: 1. Crushing: Crushing the raw ore to a particle size suitable for further processing. 2. Grinding: Grind the crushed ore to make it finer and increase the surface area for subsequent mineral processing. 3. Sorting: Use manual or machine methods to separate the crushed ore into good ore and impurities according to the surface characteristics of the ore. 4. Flotation: The ground ore is placed in a flotation tank together with a flotation agent. The ore and the flotation agent are adsorbed by bubbles, thereby separating the ore from impurities. 5. Desliming: Desliming the ore after flotation to remove the mud and impurities generated during the flotation process. 6. Concentrate treatment: The desludged ore is concentrated to improve the grade of the ore. 7. Tailings treatment: The tailings after concentrate treatment are treated to recover useful minerals or to carry out environmentally friendly treatment. In the process of phosphate rock processing, key technologies include: Equipment selection: In the process of phosphate ore beneficiation, commonly used equipment includes jaw crusher, ball mill, sorting machine, flotation machine, spiral chute, etc. The selection of these equipment needs to consider factors such as the nature of the ore, processing capacity, and energy consumption. F. Impact of phosphate rock processing on the environment and mitigation measures The phosphate rock processing process may cause certain impacts on the environment, including water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution and ecological damage. In order to mitigate these impacts, the following measures can be taken: 1. Establish environmental protection departments and systems: ensure that the phosphate rock processing process complies with environmental protection standards and prevents pollutant emissions. 2. Implement technological transformation and construction of new facilities: adopt advanced processing technologies and equipment to reduce the generation of pollutants. 3. Strengthen safety monitoring and forecasting: monitor environmental changes during the processing process and take timely measures to address potential risks. 4. Increase investment in environmental protection: Invest in environmental protection projects to improve environmental conditions during the treatment process. 5. Reduce pollution sources: optimize treatment processes to reduce the generation of pollutants. 6. Wastewater treatment: Treat the wastewater generated during the treatment process to ensure that the water quality meets the standards before discharge. 7. Solid waste treatment: Properly handle the solid waste generated during the treatment process to avoid pollution to the environment. 8. Green mining concept and construction of demonstration bases: Promote the concept of green mining, build demonstration bases, and demonstrate environmentally friendly and efficient phosphate rock processing technology. 9. Groundwater ecological environment protection and restoration management: protect groundwater resources, repair polluted groundwater, and restore ecological balance. In recent years, phosphate rock processing technology has been continuously innovating, and some new processing methods have emerged, such as photoelectric separation, microbial treatment, dry electrostatic separation, magnetic cover method and selective flocculation process, etc. The application of these new technologies helps to improve the processing efficiency and resource utilization of phosphate rock, while reducing the impact on the environment. https://www.mdoresorting.com/mingde-ai-sorting-machine-separate-quartzmicafeldspar-from-pegmatite As a leading optoelectronic sorting company in China, MINGDE Optoelectronics has launched an artificial intelligence sorting machine that can accurately sort minerals based on their texture, gloss, shape, color and other surface features. This can effectively improve the comprehensive utilization of ores and reduce sorting costs. It is simple to operate and efficient. The only consumption in the mineral processing process is electricity, which is fully in line with the current society's requirements for green environmental protection. G. Summary Phosphate plays an indispensable role in agriculture and industry. With the increase of population and the acceleration of industrialization, the demand for phosphate is expected to continue to grow. In the future, the development and utilization of phosphate will pay more attention to the sustainability of resources and environmental protection. At the same time, with the advancement of technology, the mining and processing efficiency of phosphate is expected to improve, and the comprehensive utilization of resources and circular economy will become an important direction of development. Therefore, the requirements for technological innovation are becoming more and more important. MINGDE has always believed that only through continuous hard research and full communication with people from all walks of life in the mining industry, MINGDE will definitely bring better choices to the ore sorting industry.

Brucite, also known as magnesia, is a hydroxide ore. Its main component is magnesium hydroxide. It is one of the minerals with the highest magnesium content in nature.Brucite is a rare and precious magnesium-rich non-metallic mineral. It belongs to the trigonal crystal system and has a variety of appearances. It is usually flaky or fibrous aggregates. It is white, light green or colorless in color. It has a glassy luster on the fracture, a pearly luster on the dissociation surface, a silky luster on the fibrous one, a flexible thin sheet, and a brittle fibrous one. Brucite is a layered hydroxide that is widely distributed in nature and is widely distributed. It is mainly distributed in countries and regions such as China, Canada, and the United States. In addition, brucite mines are also distributed in Russia, North Korea, Norway and other countries. Canada and the United States are among the world's major producers of brucite. Canada's brucite is mainly distributed in Ontario, Quebec and other places, while the United States' brucite resources are mainly distributed in Nevada, Texas and other places. China's brucite resources are mainly distributed in the western region, such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan and other provinces and cities according to sedimentary strata. In addition, some brucite resources are also distributed in Northeast China, North China, Central China and other regions. Specifically, the total proven reserves of brucite resources in China have exceeded 25 million tons, among which Fengcheng, Liaoning, Ji'an, Jilin, Ningqiang, Shaanxi, Qilian Mountains, Qinghai, Shimian, Sichuan, Xixia, Henan and other places are important brucite production areas. In particular, Fengcheng, Liaoning, has the richest brucite resources in China, with reserves of up to 10 million tons. The proven reserves of brucite in Ningqiang, Shaanxi are 7.8 million tons; the proven reserves of brucite in Ji'an, Jilin are 2 million tons. Judging from the ore quality, scale and mining conditions of brucite, Liaoning Province has the best brucite resources in China. The brucite ore in Kuandian is close to the theoretical mass of brucite (%): MgO 66.44, H2O 29.00, SiO2 0.80, Al2O3 0.21, Fe2O3 0.73. Brucite has a variety of uses and applications, from industrial processes to environmental and technical applications. The following are some of the main uses of brucite: (1)  Extraction of magnesium and magnesium oxide The magnesium oxide content in brucite ore is high and has few impurities; the decomposition temperature is low; the volatile matter produced when heated is non-toxic and harmless, so magnesium and magnesium oxide and other products can be extracted from brucite. (2) Dead-burned magnesia Dead-burned magnesia made from brucite has the advantages of high density (greater than 3.55g/cm3), high refractoriness (greater than 2800℃), high chemical inertness and high thermal shock stability. It is widely used in the production of key parts such as furnace linings and furnace bottoms, especially in the steel and non-ferrous metal smelting industries. (3) Light magnesium oxide Light magnesium oxide is extracted from low-grade brucite rock by chemical methods. (4) Fused periclase It is a special pure product required by high-tech electronic products. The periclase aggregate refined by brucite by electric fusion has high thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation, and the product life is increased by 2~3 times. (5) Chemically pure magnesium reagent Mainly use the electric heating method to extract metallic magnesium and prepare chemically pure reagents such as MgCl2, MgSO4, and Mg(NO3)2. At the same time, it can be used to make high corrosion resistance agents and is widely used in the electroplating industry. (6) Reinforcement materials Bruceite can be used as a substitute for chrysotile in some fields, and is used in mid-range thermal insulation materials such as microporous calcium silicate and calcium silicate board. The basic formula is: diatomaceous earth, lime slurry, water glass, bruceite. The content of bruceite is 8%~10%. The product has high whiteness, beautiful appearance and low bulk density. At the same time, due to the repeatability, corrosion resistance, high hardness and good mechanical strength of brucite, it can be used as an additive to improve the strength and hardness of cement and enhance the durability of concrete. In addition, brucite can also slow down the gel phase generation rate of concrete, thereby delaying the degradation process of the structure. (7) Papermaking filler Brucite has high whiteness, good flaking, strong adhesion and poor water absorption. Using it in combination with calcite as a papermaking filler can change the papermaking process from acid method to alkali method and reduce the pollution of slurry water. (8) Flame retardant As a fibrous variant of brucite, fibrous brucite contains about 30% of crystal water and has a low decomposition temperature (450℃, static about 350℃). It is widely used in flame retardant products with its good heat resistance and flame retardancy. (9) Environmental protection application Due to its composition characteristics, brucite presents moderate alkalinity and can be used as an acidic wastewater neutralizer. It is used to purify acidic substances in wastewater and waste gas, effectively reduce pollutants such as acid rain and acidic waste gas, and thus protect the environment. In the process of neutralizing acidic substances, brucite also has a certain buffering capacity. (10) Water treatment Brucite also plays an important role in the field of water treatment. It can be used to remove hardness ions in water, prevent the formation of scale, and protect water treatment equipment. In addition, brucite can also be used for deoxygenation, adjusting the pH value of water and buffering water quality, thereby improving and optimizing water quality. In general, brucite has a wide range of uses, covering many fields such as construction, metal smelting, chemistry, water treatment, medicine, environmental protection and food industry. In order to improve the utilization value of brucite, we generally use brucite of different grades. Generally speaking, brucite is used as a raw material for magnesium salts, basic magnesium salts, magnesium oxide and other products, and the grade of brucite is relatively high. In some specific applications, such as making refractory materials and flame retardants, the grade requirements for brucite may be relatively low. In order to improve the grade of brucite, we can use crushing, dissociation and sorting to sort out the associated minerals in brucite to achieve the purpose of improving the grade of brucite. Common associated minerals in brucite are mainly serpentine, calcite, dolomite, magnesite, magnesium silicate minerals, periclase, diopside and talc. Specifically, serpentine in the associated mineral is a hydrated magnesium silicate mineral, usually yellow-green or dark green, with a glassy or silky luster. Calcite is a calcium carbonate mineral with a glassy luster and low hardness. Dolomite is a carbonate mineral, similar to calcite, but with a higher magnesium content in its chemical composition. Magnesite is a magnesium carbonate mineral with a glassy luster and low hardness. By taking advantage of the surface feature differences between its associated minerals and brucite, we use photoelectric sorting equipment for sorting, which can effectively remove most of the dissociated associated minerals, improve the grade of brucite ore, and create higher economic value for mining companies. For some brucite mining companies, after long-term mining, there is no good sorting method in the particle ore stage, resulting in about 30~40% of the concentrate with a grade of more than 60 in the tailings pond. With the development of artificial intelligence and photoelectric mineral processing technology in recent years, the technical level and equipment maturity have been widely recognized by the market and applied in the sorting of brucite tailings. In particular, Mingde Optoelectronics' artificial intelligence sorting equipment can accurately identify associated minerals such as brucite, serpentine, and dolomite, and sort them by taking pictures, training, learning, and modeling the ore to be selected. MINGDE Optoelectronics is an enterprise focusing on ore sorting technology. The artificial intelligence sorting machine developed by it is applied to the sorting process of brucite. The equipment uses advanced image recognition technology and artificial intelligence algorithms to efficiently and accurately grade the quality of brucite, remove impurities, and improve the quality of the original ore. In summary, MINGDE Optoelectronics' artificial intelligence sorting machine plays a key role in the sorting of brucite. It optimizes the traditional mineral processing process through intelligent technology, improves the sorting accuracy and efficiency, and contributes to the sustainable use of resources.

As we all know, mineral resources are the pillar of national infrastructure. During the mining process, most ores exist in the state of mineral and gangue coexistence. Only after a series of processing procedures can usable minerals be obtained. Before the ore can be effectively used, it needs to be crushed and dissociated, and then enriched by the corresponding mineral processing method. The so-called dissociation degree of a certain mineral is the ratio of the number of particles of the mineral monomer dissociated to the sum of the number of intergrowth particles containing the mineral and the number of particles of the mineral monomer dissociated. First, the block ore particles change from large to small, and various useful minerals are dissociated by reducing the particle size. First, in the crushing process, some of the various minerals that were originally intergrowthed together crack along the mineral interface and become particles containing only one mineral, which we call monomer dissociated particles, but there are still some small mineral particles that contain several minerals intergrowthed together, which are called intergrowth particles. Over-crushing mainly refers to the use of excessive grinding to achieve the full dissociation of useful minerals. In this process, more fine particles that are difficult to select are produced, that is, the phenomenon of "over-crushing" occurs. Over-crushing not only affects the grade and recovery rate of the concentrate during the selection process, but also increases the consumption of the grinding and selection process due to unnecessary crushing, resulting in increased beneficiation costs. The main hazards of over-crushing are: an increase in useful fine particles that are difficult to recover, low concentrate grade and recovery rate, increased machine loss, reduced unit time capacity, and increased useless power consumption of crushed ore. From the perspective of mineral structure, except for a few extremely coarse-grained ores that can obtain a considerable number of monomer dissociated particles after crushing, most ores must be ground to obtain a relatively high degree of dissociation. Ore crushing and grinding are too coarse and the degree of dissociation is insufficient, and too fine will cause equipment wear and increased consumption. Too coarse or too fine will lead to low concentrate grade and recovery rate. Therefore, appropriate grinding fineness is a necessary condition for achieving good separation of useful minerals and gangue minerals. Mineral processing workers should pay attention to the selection of crushing processes and equipment, strictly control the operating conditions, and strictly control the grinding fine powder within the optimal range determined by the mineral processing test. After some ores are crushed, there will be a certain proportion of low-economic-grade tailings or waste rocks with good dissociation. If such ores enter the subsequent grinding, it will directly affect the concentrate recovery and power consumption cost. Some concentrators adopt the method of early disposal and early selection to discard these useless tailings, which can not only release the production capacity of the concentrator, but also reduce the discharge of tailings after fine grinding, reduce solid mineral waste, and extend the service life of the tailings pond. As a company specializing in the research and development and production of ore sorting equipment, the photoelectric mineral processing products launched by MINGDE Optoelectronics are mainly used in the pre-sorting and pre-discarding of lump ores. According to the different degrees of dissociation of the ore, it can be used for ore sorting within the range of 0.3-15cm; it is suitable for sorting ores with different characteristics such as color, texture, texture, shape, gloss, shape, density, etc. The types of ores currently used by the equipment include fluorite, talc, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, gold mine, brucite, magnesite, silicon slag, pebbles, silica, phosphate rock, coal gangue, sponge titanium, monocrystalline silicon, lithium mica, spodumene, barite, pegmatite, tungsten tailings, coal-based kaolin and other minerals. MINGDE Optoelectronics can provide professional sorting equipment and solutions for ore sorting problems!

Calcite is a common calcium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula of CaCO3, which is widely used in various fields. Its crystal forms are diverse, which can be flake, plate, cone, column, etc., and the colors are different, including colorless, white, pink, green, yellow, red, blue, gray and black. The variability and rich colors of calcite make it one of the important ornamental minerals. Calcite belongs to the trigonal system and has a calcite family structure of the island carbonate mineral subclass. It has various forms. According to statistics, there are more than 600 different polymorphs. The physical properties of calcite include Mohs hardness 3 and density of about 2.71g/cm³. It has complete cleavage in three directions and can form rhombus-shaped fragments. The chemical properties of calcite are soluble in hydrochloric acid, so it needs to be carefully protected during transportation and cleaning. The application range of calcite is very wide, covering many fields such as construction, chemical industry, metallurgy, and medicine. Building materials In the field of construction, calcite is one of the most important rock-forming ores and is widely used in the production of cement, lime and other building products. Its addition can improve the process properties of materials and increase strength and durability. For example, calcite is an indispensable raw material in the manufacture of building materials such as limestone and marble. In addition, calcite is also used in the production of decorative materials such as architectural coatings and wall coatings to provide better whiteness and gloss. Chemical industry In the chemical industry, calcite, as one of the main sources of calcium carbonate minerals, is widely used as a chemical additive and filler. It can be used to manufacture chemical products such as plastics, rubber, paints, and coatings to improve the physical properties and process properties of the products. Especially in the papermaking industry, calcite, as a filler, can improve the gloss and smoothness of paper. Metallurgical industry In the metallurgical industry, calcite can be used as a flux in the ironmaking process to reduce the furnace temperature, accelerate the reduction reaction of iron ore, and increase the yield of pig iron. At the same time, it can also be used as a desulfurizer in steel smelting, converting sulfides in molten iron into volatile substances, reducing the sulfur content in steel and improving the quality of steel. In addition, calcite can also be used as a sand core material in the foundry industry to improve the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of castings. Medical field The application of calcite in the medical field is reflected in its use as a source of limestone, which can be used to make lime and then as a raw material in pharmaceuticals. Lime can be used to make calcium agents, such as calcium tablets, calcium powder, etc., for the prevention and treatment of calcium deficiency. Other uses The birefringence of calcite also makes it uniquely used in the optical field, such as for the manufacture of optical instrument components such as polarizing prisms. In addition, calcite is also used in food additives, environmental protection treatment and other fields. In order to achieve the above market applications, calcite sorting is essential. At present, the more common calcite sorting methods on the market are gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation and photoelectric separation. Among them, the gravity separation method uses the difference in density between calcite and other minerals to achieve separation by gravity separation. This method is suitable for the sorting of ores with large density differences. Magnetic separation is to separate ores with magnetic differences through magnetic separation technology. This is often used to distinguish between magnetic minerals and non-magnetic minerals. Because both separation methods have certain limitations. Gravity separation equipment usually requires a large site, which increases the investment in infrastructure, and the accuracy of gravity separation is not high, and the separation effect is not ideal. Magnetic separators are mainly suitable for finer magnetic particles. For larger particles, the separation effect may be limited. At the same time, the separation effect for non-magnetic ores and impurities is not ideal. In addition, like gravity separation equipment, magnetic separation equipment also requires a large site and requires increased investment in infrastructure. Photoelectric separation is mainly used to sort calcite through ore color sorters. Ore color sorters use the differences in the optical properties of ores for sorting, and use high-resolution CCD image sensors and high-speed computing processing units to quickly identify and separate ore particles. This technology not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of sorting, but also reduces environmental pollution and energy consumption. CCD Sensor Based Ore Color Sorter As an emerging ore sorting technology, photoelectric sorting technology has shown many significant advantages in the application of calcite sorting. High efficiency Photoelectric separation technology can quickly remove a large amount of useless gangue, reduce the pressure of subsequent mineral processing links, and improve separation efficiency. This technology can process a large amount of materials in a short time, and has high separation accuracy, which helps to improve the grade of calcite. Low cost Compared with traditional physical and chemical mineral processing, the only energy consumption of photoelectric separation is electricity consumption, and the cost of mineral processing per ton is about 1 yuan, which is much lower than the average cost of traditional methods. Green and environmental protection Photoelectric separation has zero pollution to the environment and is a greener way of mineral processing. This is especially important today when environmental protection is increasingly valued. Technological progress With the development of computer technology and artificial intelligence technology, the intelligence level of photoelectric separation equipment has been continuously improved, which can better adapt to the separation needs of different types and complex ore structures. Strong adaptability By introducing cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data analysis, the intelligence level and adaptability of the photoelectric separation system have been greatly improved, and it can process more types of ores. High safety Photoelectric separation equipment does not need to add any chemical agents during operation, avoiding the safety risks that may be caused by chemical agents. Hefei Mingde Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. has been professionally engaged in the research and production of intelligent sorting equipment for mining for more than ten years. Its ore color sorter and AI ore sorter have excellent performance in the sorting of calcite, especially the AI ​​artificial intelligence sorter, which can accurately extract and distinguish the surface features of calcite and miscellaneous stones, and achieve high-precision sorting. The machine can produce about 200 tons per hour, which can meet the production needs of large mines. MINGDE AI Sorting Machine Flotation technology, as an efficient mineral processing method, also plays an important role in the sorting of calcite. With the development of technology, the flotation methods of calcite have also become different, and we will introduce them separately. Traditional flotation separation Traditional calcite flotation separation mainly relies on the action of chemical agents, including the use of inhibitors and collectors. Inhibitors are used to reduce the floatability of calcite, while collectors are used to enhance the flotation ability of target minerals (such as fluorite). Although this method can achieve separation to a certain extent, its efficiency and selectivity still need to be improved. New flotation separation technology Recently, researchers have proposed a variety of new methods for the flotation separation of calcite and fluorite. For example, some studies have studied the effects of glucose and Al3+ on the flotation separation of calcite and fluorite by means of microflotation experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solution chemical calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT). In addition, there are studies that use the regulator PDP to strengthen the DDA system, and achieve effective separation of brucite and calcite by optimizing the operating parameters of the flotation machine and adjusting the type and concentration of the flotation agent. Currently, the sorting technology of calcite is developing rapidly in the direction of high efficiency, environmental protection and intelligence. Through the continuous optimization of chemical agents and novel intelligent sorting technology, the separation efficiency and purity of calcite have been significantly improved, which is of great significance for improving the utilization efficiency of mineral resources and promoting the sustainable development of the mining industry. In the future, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, the sorting technology of calcite is expected to achieve more innovations and breakthroughs. Overall, as a multifunctional mineral, calcite has a wide range of applications. With the continuous development of science and technology, the application areas of calcite will continue to expand, bringing more convenience and contribution to human production and life.

Gypsum is a non-metallic mineral with calcium sulfate as the main component. It is usually white or colorless transparent crystals and has a wide range of application value. The formation of gypsum is closely related to geological action and is usually formed in a sedimentary environment or hydrothermal activity. In a sedimentary environment, gypsum can be precipitated from calcium sulfate in seawater or lake water; in hydrothermal activity, gypsum can be formed by cooling and crystallizing hydrothermal fluid containing calcium sulfate underground. Formation process According to the genesis and mineral composition of gypsum, it can be divided into sedimentary gypsum, hydrothermal gypsum and replacement gypsum. Among them, sedimentary gypsum is the most common type, with layered, quasi-layered and lens-shaped forms. Gypsum is widely distributed around the world, especially in Asia, Europe and North America, where reserves and production are relatively concentrated. Asia is one of the main distribution areas of gypsum, especially China, Iran and Thailand, which have more gypsum resources. China has abundant gypsum resources, which are distributed in many provinces across the country. Among them, Shandong Province has particularly outstanding gypsum ore reserves, accounting for 65% of the country's total reserves. Europe is also an important distribution area for gypsum mines. France, Germany, Spain and other countries have a large number of gypsum mine resources. Among these countries, France's gypsum mine production ranks among the top in Europe. North America, especially the United States, is one of the world's largest gypsum producers. The gypsum deposits in the United States are distributed in 22 states, with a total of 69 mines, and the largest production area is Fort Dodge, Iowa. In addition to the above-mentioned regions, countries such as Australia, India and the United Kingdom also have a certain scale of gypsum mine resources. The main component of gypsum ore is calcium sulfate (CaSO4), which usually exists in the form of dihydrate, that is, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Gypsum belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system, and the crystals are plate-shaped or fibrous. The chemical properties of gypsum are stable and it is not easy to react chemically with other substances. However, at high temperatures, gypsum can react with alumina to form calcium aluminum silicate and other compounds. In addition, gypsum can react with acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid to produce sulfur dioxide gas and water. The solubility of gypsum decreases with increasing temperature. It has a low solubility in water, but can be dissolved by acids, ammonium salts, sodium thiosulfate and glycerol. When gypsum is heated at different temperatures, there are three stages of expelling crystal water: 105~180℃, first one water molecule is expelled, and then half of the water molecule is immediately expelled, turning into calcined gypsum, also known as gypsum or semi-hydrated gypsum. 200~220℃, the remaining half of the water molecule is expelled and turned into type III anhydrite. At about 350℃, it turns into type II gypsum Ca[SO4]. At 1120℃, it further turns into type I anhydrite. Melting temperature is 1450℃. The microporous structure and heating dehydration of gypsum and its products make it have excellent sound insulation, heat insulation and fire resistance. As a multifunctional mineral, gypsum is widely used in construction, medicine, agriculture, chemical industry and many other fields. Gypsum plays an important role in the medical, construction, sculpture and other industries with its excellent properties, such as good plasticity, stability, high thermal stability and chemical stability. In the field of construction, gypsum is mainly used for indoor partitions, ceilings, wall materials, etc. Gypsum board is widely used because of its light weight, high strength and easy processing. It can be used as a partition wall, interior wall material, and can also be used to make furniture. In addition, gypsum blocks are also a lightweight and environmentally friendly building material suitable for partition walls and interior walls. In the medical field, gypsum is used to make plaster bandages, fixtures, etc. The fast coagulation and hardening and fast strength growth of gypsum make it an ideal material for post-fracture fixation. In the chemical industry, gypsum can be used as a raw material for the production of sulfuric acid and cement, and can also be used as a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in fertilizer production. In addition, gypsum can also be used as a chemical filler in the industrial production of plastics, rubber, coatings, etc. In the agricultural field, medium gypsum can be used as a soil conditioner to adjust the pH of the soil and improve the fertility of the soil. Gypsum is also used in the field of sculpture, and artists use the plasticity of gypsum to create various works of art. In food processing, gypsum powder can be used as a food additive for tofu making, tablet production, etc. With the advancement of science and technology and in-depth research on the properties of gypsum, the application field of gypsum is still expanding. It is particularly noteworthy that as a renewable resource, the use of gypsum in building materials increasingly emphasizes environmental protection and sustainability. For example, industrial by-product gypsum such as desulfurized gypsum and phosphogypsum are reused in building materials, which not only reduces the generation of waste, but also promotes the recycling of resources. There are two main methods of mining gypsum mines: open-pit mining and underground mining. Open-pit mining is suitable for shallow and large-scale deposits. The ore is mined by stripping the covering and mining operations. Underground mining is suitable for deep and small-scale deposits. The ore is mined by opening up tunnels and mining operations. The processing of gypsum mines mainly includes crushing, beneficiation, grinding, calcination and other processes. Crushing is to break the raw ore into small pieces. Crusher such as jaw crusher is used to break the ore into small pieces for subsequent processing. The sorting process of gypsum ore includes many methods: Manual sorting: suitable for small-scale and low-production mining enterprises. Workers sort according to the color and shape of the ore. Heavy medium separation: sorting according to the density difference between the ore particles, suitable for the sorting of coarse-grained gypsum ore. Flotation method: sorting by using the difference in physical and chemical properties between gypsum ore and impurities. By adding flotation agent, gypsum ore floats to the surface of the slurry under the action of bubbles and is separated from impurities. Photoelectric separation: sorting by using the difference in optical properties between ore and impurities. Useful ore and waste rock are separated by photoelectric separator. This method has the advantages of high efficiency and precision, and is suitable for large-scale and high-precision occasions. CCD Sensor Based Ore Color Sorting Machine Mingde Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. was established in 2014. For more than 10 years, it has been professionally developing, designing, manufacturing and selling intelligent sorting equipment for mining. The ore color sorters and artificial intelligence sorters it produces can accurately sort gypsum ore. AI Sorting Machine Among them, the AI ore sorter introduces artificial intelligence technology and big data technology in the field of optoelectronics. It accurately extracts the surface features of ore and impurities such as texture, gloss, shape, color, etc., and forms a model through deep learning. In the subsequent sorting process, the sorted ore is compared and identified, instructions are issued, and pneumatic force is used for precise separation. Practice has proved that the sorting effect of AI intelligent sorting machine is far better than that of traditional optoelectronic ore sorting machine. Heavy Duty AI Ore Sorting Machine Grinding is a step to further reduce the particle size of gypsum to meet the needs of subsequent processing or application. It is usually carried out using equipment such as ball mills. Calcination is to remove moisture and impurities in gypsum and improve its purity and stability. The calcination process includes dry and wet methods. The appropriate process can be selected according to different needs and product requirements. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the development of optoelectronic mineral processing technology, the sorting efficiency and accuracy of gypsum ore have been significantly improved. As a versatile building material, gypsum plays an indispensable role in many fields of modern society. From construction to medicine, to chemical industry and agriculture, the application of gypsum shows its diversity and practicality. With the deepening of gypsum research, the application of gypsum may be more extensive in the future, and it will also pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainability.