Tailings problem, gold companies to solve this way ......   Tailings usually refers to mine solid waste that is not suitable for further sorting and recovery under the prevailing conditions after mine beneficiation. And tailings storage simply refers to the construction of a dam to intercept the valley mouth or enclose the land constituted to stockpile metal or non-metallic mines for ore beneficiation after the discharge of tailings or other industrial waste places.   At present, there are nearly 10,000 tailing ponds in China, and the number of tailing ponds is large and widely distributed. Tailings pond environmental management base is weak, coupled with the tailings pond pollution hidden strong, some tailings ponds adjacent to important rivers, drinking water sources and other ecologically sensitive targets, pollution prevention measures are not perfect, operation and management is not standardized, environmental risks are more prominent.   Tailings pollution problem should not be underestimated   The problem of tailings is extremely prominent in the mining pollution problems that have occurred in recent years. The 2011 Yunnan Qujing chrome slag pollution incident, resulting in the death of sheep, pigs and undrinkable water; a mining company in Shaanxi Province in 2012 discharged ore processing slag through a river berm, affecting the arable land of downstream villages and the lives and property of residents; 2015, a company located in Longnan City tailings pond leakage, resulting in a sudden environmental incident across Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces, causing a certain impact on the production and living water of some people along the line, and directly threatening the safety of water supply to local residents; In 2020, a mining company tailings pond in Heilongjiang Province leaked, causing the local first water plant to stop taking water, and some river sections, farmland and woodland pollution in Yichun City and Suihua City ...... These lessons always remind us that the pollution problem caused by tailings cannot be underestimated and must be taken seriously. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution (amended in 2020) requires that adhering to the principles of reduction, resourcefulness and harmlessness, mining enterprises should adopt scientific mining methods and beneficiation processes to reduce the amount of tailings, coal gangue, waste rock and other mining solid waste generated and stored. At the same time, the state encourages the adoption of advanced technology for tailings, coal gangue, waste rock and other mining solid waste for comprehensive utilization. Tailings, coal gangue, waste rock and other mining solid waste storage facilities after the cessation of use, mining enterprises should be sealed in accordance with national regulations on environmental protection and other provisions to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage. In 2022, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "tailings pollution prevention and management measures," "tailings pond pollution hidden danger investigation and management technical guidelines (for trial implementation)" to risk prevention and control as the core implementation of tailings pond classification and classification of environmental management, and firmly guard the bottom line of ecological and environmental security. At the same time continue to promote the Yangtze River economic belt, the Yellow River basin and other key areas, watershed tailing pond pollution management, strengthen the flood tailing pond pollution hidden danger investigation and management, and improve the tailing pond environmental supervision infrastructure capacity, further improve the tailing pond environmental information, build tailing pond environmental management information system, with information technology means to enhance the tailing pond environmental management capacity and level, enhance the ecological environment departments around the tailing pond Pollution management level and environmental supervision capacity. And the World Gold Council also reflects the high importance it places on tailings and emissions management in its 2019 release of the Responsible Gold Mining Principles (RGMP) - we will ensure that environmental responsibility is at the heart of our operations and will follow ongoing management and governance actions that are consistent with accepted practices to design, construct, manage and abandoned tailings storage and heap leach facilities and major hydraulic infrastructure. At the same time, no new mines will be developed that would involve the use of riverine or shallow seabed tailings. Managing tailings gold companies have been taking action   For gold mining companies, the concern for ecological protection and the practice of the concept of "green water and green mountain is the silver mountain" is something that they need to improve and implement throughout their production management process. Many gold mining companies have been exploring and taking concrete actions to address the core issue of tailings management. In order to improve the tailings problem in the mining process, many enterprises use advanced AI ore sorting machine to enrich the tailings, enhance the grade of ore and reduce the tailings throwing. In order to improve the tailings problem in the mining process, many gold mining companies have adopted dust prevention and environmentally friendly mining methods. For example, in order to manage the adverse effects brought by tailings, all subsidiaries of China Gold Group have hardened or greened the exposed ground of industrial sites, and set up wind and dust suppression nets in the tailings storage and coal pile of the boiler house, equipped with watering trucks, and regularly sprinkled the site road surface, ore transportation road and tailings storage, which effectively reduce dust pollution. Ltd. as a tailing-free metal mine is implementing the filling method of mining, most of the tailing sand is used to fill the underground mining area, and the composition of the remaining tailing sand is tested, combined with the characteristics of tailing sand with high calcium content, small particles, easy to form, and high pressure resistance after drying, and actively cooperates with local cement plants and brick kiln factories, and part of it is supplied to relevant enterprises in proportion to maximize the value of the effective use of mineral resources. . The comprehensive utilization of tailings and waste rocks is another practice of gold mining enterprises to explore tailings management. For example, Zijin Mining Group has always given priority to the comprehensive utilization of tailings and waste rocks by means of underground filling, use as construction materials, vegetation restoration, road paving and recovery of valuable components, etc. The rest is stockpiled in drainage sites or tailing ponds that meet the national standards of the location, and the tailing ponds are impermeable in accordance with the requirements of the local standards to ensure the safety of groundwater quality downstream of the tailing ponds. The Group strictly follows the approved design plan for the operation of re-mining, sand discharge and drainage in the reservoir to ensure the safety of the tailing dam and the original flood discharge facilities, and conducts inspection and facility maintenance management in accordance with the relevant requirements of tailing pond safety management. After all the tailings back mining no longer carry out tailing operations, timely to the safety production supervision and management departments to fulfill the tailing pond cancellation procedures. At the same time, the tailing pond will be closed according to the regulations of tailing pond closure after the reuse production is completed. In addition, Anhui Taiping Mining Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of China Gold Group, also provides tailings sand after physical drying to road construction enterprises as raw materials, opening up a new way of mineral resources development and comprehensive utilization, which not only saves resources, but also provides a broader space for the company to expand the comprehensive utilization of tailings sand. Only by improving the utilization rate of water resources and protecting water resources can we achieve the long-term and stable development of gold mining enterprises. The recycling of water resources has also become a major direction for gold mining enterprises in the management of tailings. In China Gold Group, most of the mining enterprises adopt the tailing slag press filter dry discharge technology, adopt press filter dry discharge for tailing, and recycle water resources, all wastewater is not discharged, and the water recycling rate reaches more than 92%. For example, after the tailing wastewater is clarified and treated, it flows into the return dam under the tailing reservoir and is pumped back to the high level pool of the processing plant for flotation production recycling, and the water in the tailing reservoir is not discharged. In addition, Tong Hui Mining, a subsidiary of Zhajin Mining, has invested more than 6 million yuan to build a tailing wastewater recycling system and an underground mine brine water recycling system, and laid a wastewater recycling and reuse pipeline, so that all the recycled wastewater can be used for production reuse after treatment, which can reduce the amount of new water used for ore dressing by more than 2 million cubic meters per year and realize the efficient recycling of ore dressing wastewater. Zero discharge" and 100% "reuse" of saline water under the mine, ensuring the coordinated development and green development of the production system and the ecosystem. For the tailing sand produced by the beneficiation plant, Tong Hui Mining actively carries out project research and development, using the tailing sand to carry out the paste cement filling project, filling more than 70% of the tailing sand into the underground mining area and the former surface collapse area after thickening, reducing the amount of tailing sand discharge, effectively extending the service life of the tailing pond, and generating good social and ecological benefits. In addition to tailings management in the mining process, gold mining enterprises are also exploring and practicing in pre-mining assessment and post-operation ecological restoration. Before the construction of each project, Zhaogold Mining Co., Ltd. conducts environmental impact assessment in strict accordance with the procedures, analyzes the possible impact on the environment after the project is completed and put into operation, and proposes countermeasures and measures to prevent pollution. At the same time, Zhaogold Mining, in addition to conscientiously fulfilling the procedures of environmental protection acceptance of project completion, carries out comprehensive recycling of the waste left behind in the production process, focuses on strengthening the comprehensive management of mining areas and tailing ponds, and does a good job of mine greening, beautification and ecological environment construction to further improve the environmental situation around the enterprise. In February this year, Serbia's Zijin Copper Boer River comprehensive environmental management project officially dug into the construction. After the completion of the project will enhance the tailings storage and open pit safety operation capacity, improve the ecological environment of the natural water system in the downstream section of the Pol River and Timok (Timok), with good ecological and social benefits. Zijin Por copper mine insists on creating a "garden mine" and vigorously implements greening and reclamation. At present, all tailing ponds, open pit slopes and slopes of some abandoned dumps have been greened, with more than 60,000 seedlings planted and a new greening area of about 350,000 square meters, giving the mine and plant areas a new look. The project has also taken many measures to control dust, solid waste, waste water and waste gas, with remarkable results. In addition, some gold mining enterprises have also built a model combining "industry, academia and research" to promote tailings management. For example, Shandong Gold Group, in view of the common problems such as the high emission of gold tailings and the high disposal cost and safety and environmental protection pressure caused by the residual cyanide in the smelting cyanide slag, has organized relevant enterprises and strong scientific research institutes in China to jointly establish the "Joint Innovation Research Base for Resourceful Utilization of Gold Tailings", with the theme of low-cost resourceful disposal of gold tailings. Low-cost resource utilization disposal is the theme, using AI ore sorting machine ,Mineral separator  , bulk ore sorting system and optical sorting machine to enrich the grade ,reducing the tailing, giving full play to the advantages of internal and external resources, to overcome the key technology of resource utilization of tailings, to build a demonstration project of ecological disposal of tailings, and to solve the problem of "neck" of tailings disposal. The waste stone is widely used for underground filling, tailing reservoir dam building, building stone, etc. The tailing sand is comprehensively used for underground filling, outbound transportation, construction materials, etc. The comprehensive disposal rate of tailing sand is greatly improved. Among them, Xinhui Company and Hainan Shanjin Company took the lead in building a tailing-free mine, realizing comprehensive recycling and turning waste into treasure, and its advanced experience and practices are being promoted and applied in other mines. At the same time to strengthen the whole process of standardized management of hazardous waste, the enterprises belong to the establishment of standardized hazardous waste temporary storage room, the strict implementation of the five-linked list system, to achieve the collection, utilization, temporary storage, transportation, utilization and disposal of hazardous waste for the whole process of standardized management.    

As the core link of ore utilization in the ore industry, ore sorting plays a vital role in improving ore grade and recovery rate. However, with the reduction of high-grade and easy-to-mine ores and the increasing cost of ore sorting, these are two major problems that plague mining companies. Therefore, how to adopt appropriate ore dressing methods and reduce ore dressing costs have become issues that companies need to solve urgently. In order to achieve the best ore processing effect, mining companies can reduce the cost of ore sorting by choosing the ore sorting process. At the beginning of the process design, it is necessary to select according to the ore characteristics and design a suitable and efficient ore dressing process. At the same time, due to the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, energy-saving and environmentally friendly ore sorting technology should be adopted to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution, and reduce ore processing costs. First of all, the ores can be divided into the following categories according to their characteristics: 1. Physical characteristics of ore The physical characteristics of ore are mainly divided into color, shape, texture, hardness, magnetism, density, etc. Different beneficiation methods can be selected according to the physical characteristics of the ore. For ores with large differences in mineral density, such as barite, hematite, asbestos, mica, kaolin, etc., heavy media can be used for beneficiation; magnetic separation is often used for magnetite and pyrrhotite with strong magnetism, semi-pseudo-hematite with medium magnetism, some ilmenite, chromite, and weakly magnetic hematite and rhodochrosite; fluorite, talc, wollastonite, silica, lithium ore, quartz, potassium feldspar, etc. with large differences in appearance characteristics such as color, texture, shape, and gloss often use photoelectric separation. 2. Chemical characteristics of ore Different ores have different chemical characteristics, such as composition, acidity and alkalinity. For example, copper oxide ore is often separated and flotated, while gold ore is extracted by amalgamation, cyanide, thiourea, high temperature chlorination and other methods. 3. Structural characteristics of ore Ore structure refers to the characteristics of mineral particles in the ore:the shape, relative size, inter-embedded relationship of mineral particles or the inter-embedded relationship between mineral particles and mineral aggregates. For example, for impregnated copper-sulfur ore, the preferential flotation process is adopted, and the tailings after copper flotation must be flotted with sulfur again. 4. Ore Origin Environmental Characteristics Different types of ores are formed in different production environments. For example, the Yuanshanzi nickel-molybdenum ore is of sedimentary metamorphic hydrothermal transformation type. According to the characteristics of the ore, rock crushing, roasting, and flotation with reagents are selected. For example, the sedimentary barite ore in Jingtieshan, Huashugou, Sunan, Gansu and Baiyuxiacun, Sichuan, as well as the hydrothermal barite ore associated with sulfide ores and fluorite, are separated by flotation in addition to gravity separation. Ore pre-selection experiment Ore dressing experiments are an important basis for formulating correct ore sorting technology and determining ore sorting equipment. Through ore dressing experiments, ore dressing processes can be optimized and ore dressing costs can be reduced. When conducting ore dressing experiments, a reasonable test plan should be formulated according to ore characteristics and ore sorting requirements, the test process should be optimized, and the test efficiency and accuracy should be improved. During the test, the following points should be noted: 1. Experimental samples should be representative samples of the ore body to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experiment. 2. The experiment simulated the actual production conditions as much as possible. 3. Conduct statistics and analysis on experimental data, optimize mineral processing process parameters and equipment, and improve mineral processing efficiency and recovery rate. How to choose mineral processing equipment https://www.mdoresorting.com/heavy-duty-ai-ore-sorting-machine-ore-sorter-mineral-separator-sorting-38cm-particles Ore sorting equipment is the key equipment in the mineral processing process. When selecting equipment, it is necessary to fully consider the characteristics and requirements of the ore to select the appropriate equipment. In the process of selecting equipment, performance and cost should be given priority, and factors such as equipment life, wearing parts and operation and maintenance costs should also be considered. At the same time, the choice of manufacturer is also very important, whether it is a professional provider of mining equipment. For example, MINGDE Optoelectronics specializes in the research and development and production of photoelectric mineral processing equipment. Develop a reasonable mineral processing process Formulating a reasonable process during the mineral processing is the key to ensuring the mineral processing effect and reducing the mineral processing cost. Reasonable control of each link can effectively reduce losses and operation and maintenance costs. The specific measures are as follows: 1. Reduce equipment overload and wear. 2. Strictly control the operating parameters of mineral processing equipment. 3. Formulate scientific and reasonable maintenance plans for different equipment, and conduct regular inspections and maintenance to effectively extend the service life of the equipment. In summary, reducing the cost of mineral processing and mineral processing technology should be done from multiple aspects and angles, including reasonable mineral processing process, suitable equipment, control of mineral processing process, rigorous mineral processing experiments, etc. Only by combining various factors,we can the reduction of mineral processing costs and the sustainable development of mining enterprises be achieved.

1. Definition of Green Mining Green mining is a new mining development model that emphasizes the efficient use of resources, environmental protection and harmonious development of the community during the development of mineral resources. This model not only focuses on the economic value of mineral resources, but also pays attention to minimizing the impact and damage to the ecological environment, and strives to achieve harmonious coexistence between mining and the natural environment. 2. The connotation of green mining culture Green mining culture is not only a production method, but also a new concept and cultural form of mining development. It includes the following aspects: 1） Green mining spirit: refers to the values and behavioral norms upheld by mining companies under the guidance of modern ecological civilization concepts, emphasizing scientific and orderly mining methods and the protection of the ecological environment. 2） Green mining concept: that is, in the process of mineral resource development, achieve a balance between effective resource utilization and environmental protection, and advocate sustainable development. 3） Green mine construction: involves multiple links such as mine planning, design, construction, and operation, aiming to achieve the coordination and unity of mineral resource development and environmental protection. 4） Green mining development: Integrate the concept of green development into all aspects of mineral resource exploration, mining, processing, management and land reclamation in mining areas to promote efficient resource utilization and maximize environmental protection. 3. The Importance of Green Mining The importance of green mining is reflected in the following aspects: 1) Sustainable use of resources: Green mining emphasizes the rational development and utilization of mineral resources. Through scientific exploration and reasonable mining strategies, the service life of mineral resources can be extended to achieve sustainable use of resources. 2) Environmental protection: Traditional mining is often accompanied by serious environmental damage, such as land degradation, water pollution, etc. Green mining reduces damage to the ecological environment, protects biodiversity, and maintains ecological balance by adopting environmental protection technologies and management measures. 3) Energy conservation and emission reduction: Green mining advocates energy conservation and emission reduction, and by optimizing production processes and improving energy efficiency, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, which helps to address global climate change. 4) Improved economic benefits: Green mining can improve the economic benefits of enterprises by improving resource utilization and reducing production costs. At the same time, green products are more popular in the market, which is conducive to opening up new markets and increasing competitiveness. 5) Fulfillment of social responsibilities: While pursuing economic benefits, enterprises also need to assume social responsibilities. The implementation of green mining helps enterprises establish a good social image, enhance public trust, and promote social harmony. 6) Policy support and market opportunities: Many countries have introduced policies to support the development of green mining, providing policy support and market opportunities for green mining. Enterprises can actively participate in the development of green mining, seize policy dividends and open up new market space. 7) Driven by technological innovation: The development of green mining has promoted technological innovation, prompted enterprises to develop more environmentally friendly and efficient production technologies and equipment, and promoted the development of mining towards intelligent and green directions. In addition, green mining is also quite rewarding for the company's development. 1) The relationship between green image enhancement and shareholder value. In the process of improving their green image, mining companies can not only gain better social reputation and brand image, but also improve shareholder value to a certain extent. The improvement of green image helps to attract more investors and consumers, which may increase the market value and stock price performance of enterprises. Studies have shown that enterprises that implement environmental protection measures can often reduce the risk of environmental accidents, reduce related legal proceedings and fines, thereby improving profitability and having a positive impact on shareholder value. 2) The relationship between green image enhancement and corporate competitiveness. Improving a green image can enhance a company's market competitiveness. By promoting green development, companies can create a good image and enhance their sense of social responsibility. Green companies can not only gain recognition from the government and the public, but also attract more attention from consumers and investors, thereby gaining huge market opportunities. 3) The relationship between green image enhancement and financing costs. Improving the green image helps reduce the financing costs of enterprises. Green project financing usually gives enterprises lower interest rates and longer repayment periods to encourage them to invest in environmental protection and sustainable development. In addition, green financial products such as green bonds and green leasing can also provide enterprises with more financing channels and lower-cost financing solutions. 4) Green image promotion and environmental policy impact. As environmental protection policies become increasingly stringent, companies need to actively respond to environmental protection requirements,strengthen environmental awareness, increase environmental protection investment, and improve the company's environmental protection level. This will not only help companies reduce environmental risk exposure, but also create shareholder value for the company. 5) The relationship between green image enhancement and socially responsible investment. Corporate social responsibility has an important impact on shareholder value. One of the core elements of corporate social responsibility is environmental protection. In the process of production and operation, enterprises should comply with environmental laws and regulations, reduce pollution emissions, save resources, etc.Through effective environmental protection measures,enterprises can reduce environmental risks, enhance brand image, and thus increase the trust and recognition of shareholders. In summary, the returns of green mining to society and mining companies are reflected in various aspects. For society, green mining realizes the sustainable use of resources and environmental protection, and achieves both economic and environmental benefits. For mining companies, the improvement of green image has achieved the following: increasing shareholder value, enhancing market competitiveness, reducing financing costs, actively responding to environmental policies, and strengthening the combination with socially responsible investment. These factors interact with each other and jointly promote the sustainable development of mining companies in the green transformation, and bring greater value to shareholders and society. 4. How mining companies can improve their green image? Mining companies enhance their green image mainly by adopting environmentally friendly technologies, optimizing production processes, strengthening environmental governance and actively participating in social responsibility activities, so as to reduce their impact on the environment, improve resource utilization efficiency and achieve sustainable development, thereby winning recognition and support from all sectors of society. 1) Production process improvement and environmental protection. (1) Adopt green mining technology: Apply environmentally friendly, energy-saving and efficient mining methods and technologies to reduce damage to the environment,such as Digital electronic detonator smooth surface blasting technology,optoelectronic sorting technology etc. (2) Wastewater and waste gas treatment: Establish wastewater and waste gas treatment systems to ensure that emissions meet standards and reduce pollution to the environment,such as dry dust collection process,return water treatment system and water quality online monitoring system,etc. (3) Ecological restoration:Carry out vegetation restoration and land reclamation to repair the ecosystem damaged by mining activities. (4) Resource recycling:Reuse waste residues, waste heat, waste oil and waste rock as resources to reduce waste generation, for example, building tailings ponds for mountain backfill and construction aggregates. 2) Social Responsibility and Public Communication Mining companies can establish a good corporate citizen image by actively participating in social welfare activities and strengthening communication and cooperation with local communities. For example, by establishing environmental protection education centers, carrying out environmental education, and supporting local economic development, they can enhance their ties with society and improve their social reputation. 3) Green Finance and Capital Market (1) Green credit and bonds: Guide green credit, green bonds and other green financial instruments to support high-quality mining projects and important resource bases. (2) ESG investment and financing concepts: Improve awareness of ESG, incorporate it into the investment decision-making process, and improve ratings.

Overview Pegmatite quartz refers to high-purity quartz formed in pegmatite. Pegmatite is a special granite rock, usually composed of coarse to huge quartz crystals. The quartz in these rocks usually has a larger crystal size and a lower impurity content. Formation process of pegmatite quartz The formation of pegmatite quartz is a complex process inside the earth, involving many geological processes such as magmatic activity, metamorphism, and tectonic movement. Next, we will discuss this process in detail from different angles. Magmatic activity and the formation of pegmatite quartz The formation of pegmatite quartz is closely related to magmatic activity. During the intrusion evolution of magma, due to changes in temperature, pressure and other conditions, hydrothermal fluids rich in SiO2 are differentiated. These hydrothermal fluids penetrate into the surrounding metamorphic rock system along the bedding and cracks, or invade along the contact fracture zone of the previous magmatic rock to form vein quartz ore bodies. Metamorphism and the formation of pegmatite quartz The hydrothermal fluid produced by regional metamorphism or mixed lithification is also an important factor in the formation of pegmatite quartz. Strong magmatic activity and tectonic movement provide heat sources for metamorphism. When water-containing igneous rocks and basement protoliths are metamorphosed, a large amount of water is released to form metamorphic hydrothermal fluids. These ore-bearing solutions migrate along the ductile shear zone under the action of tectonic stress. Due to changes in temperature and pressure conditions, SiO2 is supersaturated and deposited to form vein quartz. Tectonic environment and the formation of pegmatite quartz The formation of pegmatite quartz is closely related to a specific tectonic environment. For example, pegmatite deposits are formed in a stable tectonic environment at the top of granite, formed by the recrystallization of the surrounding granite and the decomposition of the mineral components that make up the granite. Details of the formation of pegmatite quartz The details of the formation of pegmatite quartz can be revealed by studying the fluid inclusions inside it. Fluid inclusion microscopic analysis shows that in the process of wall crystallization, the brine H2O-NaCL-KCL-(CO2,N2) type fluid (about 20wt.% NaCL and about 3wt.% KCL) is saturated, and in the process of magmatic hydrothermal crystallization, multiphase cassiterite mineralization forms large microcline crystals in the wall belt, and is combined with quartz, F-poor black mountain rock, and carbonate- and boron-rich manganese fluoroapatite in the core area. World distribution Pegmatite quartz is a high-quality quartz resource. Due to its special formation environment and purity, it has extremely important applications in industry and high-tech fields. The world-renowned pegmatite quartz resources are mainly distributed in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Australia and China. Among them, the Spruce Pine deposit in the United States is famous for its extremely low quartz impurity element content and excellent quality. It has long provided a large amount of high-purity quartz sand to the world. It is an important raw material for semiconductors, precision optical glass, photovoltaics, lighting and other industries. Spruce Pine Deposit, USA The Spruce Pine Deposit is located in western North Carolina, USA. It has a mining history of more than 100 years and is a globally recognized high-purity quartz sand raw material deposit. Its quartz sand products enjoy a very high reputation in the international market. Pegmatite Quartz Resources in Brazil Brazil is the world's largest country with high-purity quartz resources. Its ore type is mainly natural crystal, but due to mining facilities and ore quality, the actual mining and export volume is relatively small. Pegmatite Quartz Resources in Canada Canada's pegmatite quartz resources rank third in the world. The ore type is mainly vein quartz. The quality of its high-purity quartz resources is also very high, suitable as a raw material for high-purity quartz sand. Pegmatite Quartz Resources in China China's pegmatite quartz resources are mainly distributed in Henan, Xinjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu and other places. In recent years, mineral resources that can be used to extract ultra-high purity quartz sand have been discovered in the East Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt in Henan, showing huge prospecting potential. Pegmatite quartz resources in Australia Australia has abundant quartz resources, mainly distributed in northern Queensland, Victoria and Western Australia. The pegmatite quartz resources in these areas also provide the possibility for the production of high-purity quartz sand. Application fields of pegmatite quartz Pegmatite quartz has a wide range of applications in many fields due to its high purity and stability. The following are some of the main application areas:   Semiconductor industry: High-purity quartz is a key material for manufacturing semiconductor chips. It is used to make containers such as crucibles to ensure the purity of the chip manufacturing process. Fiber optic communication: Fiber optic is the infrastructure of modern communications, and high-purity quartz plays an important role in it because it can transmit high-speed optical signals without loss. Photovoltaic industry: In the manufacture of solar panels, high-purity quartz is used to make high-quality quartz glass, which is crucial to improving the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. Optical field: High-purity quartz is also used in precision optical devices. For example, in lenses and optical fibers, high-purity quartz is needed to ensure that the propagation of light is not disturbed. Electric light sources: In light bulbs and other electric light sources, high-purity quartz is used to make materials that are resistant to high temperatures and have good light transmittance. Building materials: Due to its strength and durability, pegmatite quartz is also used in building materials, such as in the production of and floor tiles. Jewelry industry: In some specific cases, pegmatite quartz may also be used in the jewelry industry, especially those quartz crystals with special optical effects. Purification technology of pegmatite quartz Pegmatite quartz usually has the characteristics of few impurities, stable quality, and low fluid inclusion content, so it has become an important raw material for the preparation of high-purity quartz sand. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, especially in the fields of semiconductors, optical fiber communications, photovoltaics, etc., the demand for high-purity quartz sand has increased day by day. Therefore, the research and application of pegmatite quartz resources have received widespread attention. In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology, the sorting technology of pegmatite quartz has made significant progress, especially in the purification of high-purity quartz sand. Sorting equipment and technological progress The sorting equipment of pegmatite quartz mainly includes crushers, mills, screening machines, flotation machines, magnetic separators, etc. These equipment use different physical and chemical methods, such as mechanical crushing, grinding, gravity separation, flotation and magnetic separation, to separate quartz from other impurities. Crushing and grinding: Crushing equipment is used to crush raw quartz ore into small particles suitable for further processing. Commonly used crushing equipment includes jaw crushers, cone crushers and hammer crushers. Grinding is to further grind the ore through the grinding machine to achieve the ideal particle size distribution, in preparation for subsequent classification and flotation. Screening: Screening equipment such as spiral classifiers are used for particle classification and desludging processes. The particle size separation is achieved through the difference in the settling speed of particles of different sizes in the liquid. 8 Flotation: Flotation machines play a key role in the flotation process. By forming a large number of bubbles and using reagents to make the target minerals attached to the bubbles, it can be separated from other substances. 8 Magnetic separation: Magnetic separation equipment is used to remove iron-containing impurities from quartz sand. Commonly used magnetic separation equipment includes dry magnetic separators and wet magnetic separators. Photoelectric separation: Photoelectric separation is a method of identifying and separating the ore to be separated and the gangue by using the physical characteristics of the ore to be separated and the gangue. It uses a combination of mechanical and electrical separation to imitate the action of hand selection. The artificial intelligence sorting machine pioneered by Hefei Mingde Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. is the first to introduce advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data in the field of photoelectric mineral processing. It has obvious effects on the sorting of pegmatite quartz, with high sorting accuracy and large output. Latest research results The latest research results show that through the combined application of these equipment and technologies, high-purity quartz concentrate products can be obtained on a laboratory scale. For example, Zhengzhou Comprehensive Utilization Institute has successfully developed an original technology for processing and purifying high-purity quartz, and conducted laboratory sorting and purification experiments on granite pegmatite high-purity quartz ore, producing high-purity quartz concentrate products with SiO2 purity as high as 5N2 (99.9992%). Conclusiona In summary, pegmatite quartz is an extremely important mineral resource, and its application in high-tech industries is indispensable. With the advancement of technology and the increasing demand for high-purity materials, the mining and utilization of pegmatite quartz will become more extensive, and it will also have a profound impact on the development of related industr Overview Pegmatite quartz refers to high-purity quartz formed in pegmatite. Pegmatite is a special granite rock, usually composed of coarse to huge quartz crystals. The quartz in these rocks usually has a larger crystal size and a lower impurity content. Formation process of pegmatite quartz The formation of pegmatite quartz is a complex process inside the earth, involving many geological processes such as magmatic activity, metamorphism, and tectonic movement. Next, we will discuss this process in detail from different angles. Magmatic activity and the formation of pegmatite quartz The formation of pegmatite quartz is closely related to magmatic activity. During the intrusion evolution of magma, due to changes in temperature, pressure and other conditions, hydrothermal fluids rich in SiO2 are differentiated. These hydrothermal fluids penetrate into the surrounding metamorphic rock system along the bedding and cracks, or invade along the contact fracture zone of the previous magmatic rock to form vein quartz ore bodies. Metamorphism and the formation of pegmatite quartz The hydrothermal fluid produced by regional metamorphism or mixed lithification is also an important factor in the formation of pegmatite quartz. Strong magmatic activity and tectonic movement provide heat sources for metamorphism. When water-containing igneous rocks and basement protoliths are metamorphosed, a large amount of water is released to form metamorphic hydrothermal fluids. These ore-bearing solutions migrate along the ductile shear zone under the action of tectonic stress. Due to changes in temperature and pressure conditions, SiO2 is supersaturated and deposited to form vein quartz. Tectonic environment and the formation of pegmatite quartz The formation of pegmatite quartz is closely related to a specific tectonic environment. For example, pegmatite deposits are formed in a stable tectonic environment at the top of granite, formed by the recrystallization of the surrounding granite and the decomposition of the mineral components that make up the granite. Details of the formation of pegmatite quartz The details of the formation of pegmatite quartz can be revealed by studying the fluid inclusions inside it. Fluid inclusion microscopic analysis shows that in the process of wall crystallization, the brine H2O-NaCL-KCL-(CO2,N2) type fluid (about 20wt.% NaCL and about 3wt.% KCL) is saturated, and in the process of magmatic hydrothermal crystallization, multiphase cassiterite mineralization forms large microcline crystals in the wall belt, and is combined with quartz, F-poor black mountain rock, and carbonate- and boron-rich manganese fluoroapatite in the core area. World distribution Pegmatite quartz is a high-quality quartz resource. Due to its special formation environment and purity, it has extremely important applications in industry and high-tech fields. The world-renowned pegmatite quartz resources are mainly distributed in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Australia and China. Among them, the Spruce Pine deposit in the United States is famous for its extremely low quartz impurity element content and excellent quality. It has long provided a large amount of high-purity quartz sand to the world. It is an important raw material for semiconductors, precision optical glass, photovoltaics, lighting and other industries. Spruce Pine Deposit, USA The Spruce Pine Deposit is located in western North Carolina, USA. It has a mining history of more than 100 years and is a globally recognized high-purity quartz sand raw material deposit. Its quartz sand products enjoy a very high reputation in the international market. Pegmatite Quartz Resources in Brazil Brazil is the world's largest country with high-purity quartz resources. Its ore type is mainly natural crystal, but due to mining facilities and ore quality, the actual mining and export volume is relatively small. Pegmatite Quartz Resources in Canada Canada's pegmatite quartz resources rank third in the world. The ore type is mainly vein quartz. The quality of its high-purity quartz resources is also very high, suitable as a raw material for high-purity quartz sand. Pegmatite Quartz Resources in China China's pegmatite quartz resources are mainly distributed in Henan, Xinjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu and other places. In recent years, mineral resources that can be used to extract ultra-high purity quartz sand have been discovered in the East Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt in Henan, showing huge prospecting potential. Pegmatite quartz resources in Australia Australia has abundant quartz resources, mainly distributed in northern Queensland, Victoria and Western Australia. The pegmatite quartz resources in these areas also provide the possibility for the production of high-purity quartz sand. Application fields of pegmatite quartz Pegmatite quartz has a wide range of applications in many fields due to its high purity and stability. The following are some of the main application areas: Semiconductor industry: High-purity quartz is a key material for manufacturing semiconductor chips. It is used to make containers such as crucibles to ensure the purity of the chip manufacturing process. Fiber optic communication: Fiber optic is the infrastructure of modern communications, and high-purity quartz plays an important role in it because it can transmit high-speed optical signals without loss. Photovoltaic industry: In the manufacture of solar panels, high-purity quartz is used to make high-quality quartz glass, which is crucial to improving the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. Optical field: High-purity quartz is also used in precision optical devices. For example, in lenses and optical fibers, high-purity quartz is needed to ensure that the propagation of light is not disturbed. Electric light sources: In light bulbs and other electric light sources, high-purity quartz is used to make materials that are resistant to high temperatures and have good light transmittance. Building materials: Due to its strength and durability, pegmatite quartz is also used in building materials, such as in the production of and floor tiles. Jewelry industry: In some specific cases, pegmatite quartz may also be used in the jewelry industry, especially those quartz crystals with special optical effects. Purification technology of pegmatite quartz Pegmatite quartz usually has the characteristics of few impurities, stable quality, and low fluid inclusion content, so it has become an important raw material for the preparation of high-purity quartz sand. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, especially in the fields of semiconductors, optical fiber communications, photovoltaics, etc., the demand for high-purity quartz sand has increased day by day. Therefore, the research and application of pegmatite quartz resources have received widespread attention. In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology, the sorting technology of pegmatite quartz has made significant progress, especially in the purification of high-purity quartz sand. Sorting equipment and technological progress The sorting equipment of pegmatite quartz mainly includes crushers, mills, screening machines, flotation machines, magnetic separators, etc. These equipment use different physical and chemical methods, such as mechanical crushing, grinding, gravity separation, flotation and magnetic separation, to separate quartz from other impurities. Crushing and grinding: Crushing equipment is used to crush raw quartz ore into small particles suitable for further processing. Commonly used crushing equipment includes jaw crushers, cone crushers and hammer crushers. Grinding is to further grind the ore through the grinding machine to achieve the ideal particle size distribution, in preparation for subsequent classification and flotation. Screening: Screening equipment such as spiral classifiers are used for particle classification and desludging processes. The particle size separation is achieved through the difference in the settling speed of particles of different sizes in the liquid. 8 Flotation: Flotation machines play a key role in the flotation process. By forming a large number of bubbles and using reagents to make the target minerals attached to the bubbles, it can be separated from other substances. 8 Magnetic separation: Magnetic separation equipment is used to remove iron-containing impurities from quartz sand. Commonly used magnetic separation equipment includes dry magnetic separators and wet magnetic separators. Photoelectric separation: Photoelectric separation is a method of identifying and separating the ore to be separated and the gangue by using the physical characteristics of the ore to be separated and the gangue. It uses a combination of mechanical and electrical separation to imitate the action of hand selection. The artificial intelligence sorting machine pioneered by Hefei Mingde Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. is the first to introduce advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data in the field of photoelectric mineral processing. It has obvious effects on the sorting of pegmatite quartz, with high sorting accuracy and large output. Latest research results The latest research results show that through the combined application of these equipment and technologies, high-purity quartz concentrate products can be obtained on a laboratory scale. For example, Zhengzhou Comprehensive Utilization Institute has successfully developed an original technology for processing and purifying high-purity quartz, and conducted laboratory sorting and purification experiments on granite pegmatite high-purity quartz ore, producing high-purity quartz concentrate products with SiO2 purity as high as 5N2 (99.9992%). Conclusiona In summary, pegmatite quartz is an extremely important mineral resource, and its application in high-tech industries is indispensable. With the advancement of technology and the increasing demand for high-purity materials, the mining and utilization of pegmatite quartz will become more extensive, and it will also have a profound impact on the development of related industries.